Above depicts the earths orbit around the sun and a distant star. On the orbital journey there are 2 points where teh earth 1- is directly approaching the star and 2--another spot where the earth is directly moving awaqy from the star. At these points for stellar aberration there is no tangential motion to the star. At these point the stars positon would be correct as there is no star light aberration.  Correspondingly there are 2 points where the earths velocity shows up directly at a right angle and at these spots the stellar aberration plot would show maximum earth velocity--and these would be in opposite directions.

At his far distance the light rays would be coming in parallel to each other.

The various motions of the star which could be very fast 500 Km/sec or not and in various random directions does not influence the aberration implying light does not pick up the velocity of the source.








Above shows why the telescope has to be angled ""in the direction"" of earths motion for the light to go down the telescope when there is motion. If there were no motion the light would just go down the telescope.  With motion if the telescope were in the no-motion position the light gets scrubbed out by the walls of the telescope. thus the telescope has to be angled and this gives the stellar aberration angle and astronomers measure it a bit differently than you would think. read Bradleys aberration for this information. The faster the motion the more the angle. Tan theta = Ve/C.
Here with in lies the relativity solution as basically the light going down the telescope when moving has a shorter path than when there is no motion. BUT light moves at c. Thus to make the times of light down the telescope the same-- relativity did this.

Also note the light is not effected-affected by the telescope it justs goes its path and the telescope moves so the light goes down the barrel. the light has the same path it would if there were no motion. the telescope makes it look different. The light p;ath is shorter and the time is less because of the tip of the telescope. Is relativity needed? No. Not if you understand this. Motion affectds time basically. as measured by light .

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Above shows how the light gets down the telescope when the telescope is moving. It has to be tipped then the light just goes down. The light does not change its path. It does not know if the telescope is there or not and does not care. It just goes. Also note the path is less than if there were less or no motion as the telescope is inclined--tipped--a bit.



This shows the spot hitting behind were it would have hit if there were no motion. the bottom of the telespe is tipped. Of course when you are looking through the telescpe you do not know if you are moving or not and assume the no motion scene is the same as the motion scene. And believe that the light path is the same for motion versus no motion.